Evaluation: Progression from Preliminary Task to the final product

I learnt since from the preliminary task how to edit my front cover and main image to make it seem more professional and realistic towards what I wanted to achieve.

I also learnt how to create a more effective layout that looks more familiar to a real magazine creating a look that makes it seem possible to be on a stand inside a newsagent or store.

The fonts used on my preliminary task are all different which made the front cover more complicated than it should be, so I learnt that the page needed to be more simple for the reader so they wouldn’t see the page as too chaotic or complicated to look at.

I also think I improved with layering the page and adding much more to the front cover and making it seem much more detailed and like a real magazine whereas as my preliminary task seems quite plain without any editing or planning done to it.

Evaluation: In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?

Evaluation first part

View more presentations from Olivia Bennett.

Evaluation: What have you learnt about technologies from the process of constructing this product?

When creating my magazine I used Adobe Photoshop provided for me on the sixth form computers. I have had previous experience with Photoshop giving me an advantage of using it for my magazine creation, I used it for both my preliminary task and final product.

Photoshop made the creation of the magazine much easier as it let me add numerous amounts of layers and different shapes and photographs all into one document. I used this to my advantage and added as many layers as I thought possible for my actual magazine product.

I used a digital SLR camera to create the shots for my magazine cover, contents page and double page. I worked with the camera well as it was my own and I have used it many times before to gain practise for my actual magazine shoot to make sure my photographs were perfect and clear.

The camera was easy to use once you can understand each of the setting and tools to use to create the photograph that you really need for the magazine. It also helped that I took my photos within a proper studio with proper lighting giving them the professional effect for the magazine.

Evaluation: What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?

Top of the Pops is typically owned by the BBC as the programme was aired on the channel for over 40 years and so therefore expanded the franchise into a magazine based form of information to get their audience more involved within the programme.

This instuition might not distribute my magazine as they have only ever created magazines that directly connect with their programmes as this broadens the horizons for their television programmes and helps them promote their television programmes and gain more publicity for their channel.

In that case I believe that other young gossip magazines may be able to distribute my magazine as it seems to appeal more to those sort of institutions such as the owners of Bliss, Sugar, Star Girl and Shout, as these appeal to a similar target audience and would help give them more profit and money by distributing a new media product like mine that is completely different as it relates more to music.

Evaluation: How does your media product represent particular social groups?

My intended audience for my magazine was young girls aged between 11 - 15, this age group is particularly hard to target as young girls tend to change their interests frequently so I had to make sure I knew that the genre of magazine I was creating would sell the to target audience that I wanted to aim it at. I had to research my target audience to find out exactly what they would want from magazine and what genre really interested them the most.

I was unsure at first on what genre to chose for my magazine I was stuck between choosing pop, indie or r&b as these were the typical genres that younger girls seem to influenced by all the time. I researched this by looking at magazines that were on the market appealing to the target audience that I wanted to appeal to. From this information I studied closely Top of the Pops, Smash Hits, Blender and Spin, they all gave me each some look into what sort of magazines my target audience read and buy.

I then created a questionnaire full of questions relating directly to my target audience to help make my magazine ideally for them and to help find out more information about my target audience and what celebrities and articles they liked the most. I also asked exactly how much they would pay for their magazine and how often they would like to recieve it. This helped me recieve exact information from my target audience to give me the help and advice I need to create my magazine this can be seen on the link below:

http://asoliviabennettcabot.blogspot.com/2011/02/questionnaire-on-music-magazines.html

Colours & Fonts

Colours and fonts used are a huge priority throughout my magazine as they help draw the audience in and catch their eye immediately. Seeing as my young audience are all female the colour scheme would typically be pink, purples and light pastel colours as these are colours that can relate to the audience almost immediately and draw the audience into buying and reading the magazine. In contrast to this I used different tones of pinks and purples to help keep the magazine more interesting and not all just one simple colour which could make the pages dull and uninteresting to the audience.

Font is another huge priority in the magazine as this can make the pages more creative and interesting, but yet the simple fonts are the ones that keep the pages much more typically of music magazines. The only unusual fonts I used were from the front cover where it says 'by you x' which makes it look like it is especially hand written and gives the sell line a creative spin and makes it seem more unique.

Photos

I had planned that I would use a studio with professional lights and white background to create my photographs and make them as clear as possible. I used an SLR camera to make sure they came out exactly how I would like them. I did a test shoot first to make sure that I tried out all the poses that would be possible for my front cover once I had officially decided what poses to chose for my front cover, contents page and double page spread which helped me plan out my final shoot much more easily and quickly.

Once my final shoot was taking place I decided to dress my model in quite simple clothes as I didnt want to attract attention from the front cover and the rest of the sell lines surrounding the main model. This ultimately shows connotations of a typical music magazine such as Top of the Pops as they tend to wear simple or plain clothing so I used these ideas and created it as my own.

My Final Products.

Front Cover

Contents Page

Double Page Spread



double page editting.

For my double page I used the original model from my front page as the main female who is being interviewed as 'the winner of X Factor'. I used two different shots of Olivia in two different poses in a simple and plain outfit which can be clearly neutral for the audience reading the magazine. Once again I used pink text as this has conventions of girls and immediately represents young girls who the magazine is aimed at. I also picked out a quote from the actual interview to use as the title for the double page spread as this is a typical feature of music magazines. Along with all this I made sure each question was of a similar length and were all lined up within the page with each other giving a typical layout of a magazine. I also added an introduction and subtitle to the double page as this helps the audience know abit more about the main model being interviewed and what she has achieved or who she is. The interview also includes a competition and a choice to find out more about the star online through a social network site.

contents..

As I started on my contents page before I made changes to my front cover I carried on with the concept I originally had for it. I kept the slogan 'a lot to boast about' as I felt this was quite catchy and related quite closely back to the magazine's name. It looks quite similar to the contents page of the Top of the Pops magazine I studied throughout the course of my production of my magazine using it as a guideline to help me throughout. I used columns to separate out each sections of the magazine so the reader can find exactly what they are looking for straight away. I also thought using the magazine cover on my contents would be a great convention of pop magazine's as it shows exactly where to find each sell line within the magazine. The use of this is to once again help the target audience find exactly where each article is within the magazine. I also stuck with the colour scheme of pink and white as the colour immediately has conventions of young girls as the colour is quite femine and stands out from the rest.



Changes made to my front, contents & double page.

I made a few adjustments to my front cover from the previous cover I completed before. I changed the whole title of the magazine by using fonts provided within photoshop as this made the magazine look more conventional and aimed at the correct target audience. I kept the whole style of the 'o' symbol as this gives the title some sort of logo and stands out from the rest of the page. I also changed the main image for the front cover of my magazine as the new image is much clearly and conventional of the genre of the magazine which attracts the audience much more as she is wearing quite plain and simple clothes. This draws the attention away from the main image and onto the sell lines attracting the readers inside the magazine and find out what is inside the magazine and want to buy them. I also added different sell lines to the magazine which were more relevant to the genre of my magazine. The skyline of my magazine is now all text without photographs as I thought it looked alot less chaotic with just text making the magazine seem much more clearly laid out like the later Top of the Pops magazines. Though I did keep the text box on the bottom left side the same but added a photograph to it so the reader knows exactly what it is about.

Starting the contents page.

I then began to start on my contents page and continued the same theme from my front cover onto it. I used the same colour scheme as it is a typical convention of the genre and target audience that my magazine is aimed at. I also used the actual magazine cover inside my contents page to show clearly where everything on the cover is inside the magazine so the audience can go directly to the sections they prefer. I also used the slogan 'alot to boast about' as this links in with the magazine having alot to tell its audience. The contents page is broken up into five different sections to help the audience find exactly what they want with direct subtitles so they know what is what. Using the image of Tara in the corner of my magazine gives an insight of who is inside the magazine making the reader want to read on.

The next steps.

I then decided that my main image would look much more professional if I didn't cut round it to recreate the white background I wanted my background to have. For a sample I decided to try out placing my model on the front with the original background I shot her infront of. I also added more sell lines with images to make it more conventional of the I was creating. I used the sell line 'Georgia: I love performing' to help link in with the main interview inside the magazine, letting the readers know exactly what they are reading about. Also adding images into the magazine cover draws the readers attention in as it is quite a chaotic magazine cover so therefore it stands out from all the rest. Looking at samples I soon realised that my barcode wasn't as effective where it was before so I created a blank box around it and added text inside to support the barcode to make it seem like a realistic magazine.

Even more progression on my front page.

As I slowly began to develop my magazine I thought that my magazine name was related to music enough to make it as realistic as possible so I renamed my magazine 'Boast about Pop' to make it more relative to the genre that the magazine was representing. I also added a few extra features of the magazine such as a skyline, barcode and even a slogan beneath the title of the magazine that reads 'The number one mag!' as this makes the magazine much more realible for the readers who want to buy it knowing that it is one of the best magazines. I also added sell lines to the sides of the magazine as this is a typical feature of any magazine letting the reader know exactly what is inside the magazine itself. I originally cut out my model on the front of my magazine, but realised that maybe it doesn't look as professional as an actual magazine.

More progress on my front cover.

This was how I started to create my magazine and decided upon changing the title of the magazine slightly by adding in an 'O' that would stand out from the rest of the page to attract attention to the target audience. The 'O' is made out of stars as this gives connotations of being a 'celebrity' and being famous, which fits in with exactly what my magazine is showing such as celebrity interviews with famous singers and musicians. I then went on to add in a front cover model which is a typical feature of a pop music magazine showing a medium close up shot of the model and placing them directly on the front of the page slightly to the right. I also made sure the model's head was in front of the name of the magazine as this is also another typical feature of magazines overall and it would make it seem more realistic if I did this.

Starting on my front cover.

This print screen shows my progress so far as I am starting to make some rough cuts of the front cover, so I am experimenting with new fonts and mixing them together with a particular letter standing out from the rest. This ultimately makes it stand out much more on a magazine stand and gives it it's own unique look also behind the main page of the front cover you can see how I have tried different fonts together on the front page to see which ones would fit in with the theme. Though some of them looked quite plain or too childish I had to start mixing fonts to make it seem completely unique and different. I used photoshop to complete this as it's makes it easier to bring all the texts and pictures together into one page to create my front cover for my magazine.

Plan for actual shoot.

Front Cover: Wednesday 2nd March 2011

Shot 1

Model: Georgia Skuse
Outfit: Purple Dress
Background: White
Location: School Studio
Shot: Main front cover image, medium close up or medium long shot.
Poses: Hand on hip, smiling, natural pose, hands on hips or hands on head.

Shot 2

Model: Olivia Saunders
Outfit: Casual clothes
Background: White
Location: School Studio
Shot: Smaller image on my front cover, close up or medium close up
Pose: Smiling

Shot 3

Models: Connor O'Neil and Joe Phillips
Outfit: Casual clothes
Background: White
Location: School Studio
Shot: Medium close up, smaller image on the side of the front cover
Pose: Smiling

Trying out new fonts!

I decided to name my magazine 'Boast' as I thought it was quite relevant to the magazine as it is of the pop genre, and relates to some celebrity gossip and uses the tag line 'Alot to BOAST about'. I tried out a few different fonts using 'dafont.com' I used cartoon style fonts as I thought this clearly represents the pop style of the magazine along with the young target audience as it represents youth and is quite playful.



I chose these as one of my final three fonts as I thought it was quite a fun and lively font as it has the letters going in different directions and seems really different and stands out to the audience more, but it can obviously have more colour included to make it more relevant to the target audience.

I chose this one as another one of my final three fonts as it is also quite similar to the first one as it is quite quirky and fun. This could also have colour added to it to make it more appropriate for my magazine and make it stand out on the front page.

This is what I may choose as my final font as I think it still creates quite a fun and quirky font, representing my genre really well. I also feel it is quite childish as it uses all lower case letters whereas the others are all in capitals.

My final shoot for magazine.

 

For my final shoot I used the photography studio to take some portrait shoots to include on my front cover, contents page and double page spread. I also used a bigger flash to brighten up the photographs more and I used the lighting provided within the studio to give a warmth glow. I also used a two person shot to see if it could possibly fit within my front cover or double page. As you can see I used three different models in different poses and outfits to give slight divergence to make them all seem like they have their own personalities and represent different readers of the magazine.

Intentions

Front Cover


Name: Boast, I chose to name my magazine Boast as it relates to younger people as it gives the impression of talking and gossiping, along with articles about music. It also links with the slogan that will be placed on the contents page that says "Alot to boast about.." relating back to the magazine name so the audience knows exactly what it's called.


Image: For my front cover I am planning on placing one female model on the front, with a simple dress in a block colour print. I want the pose to be quite a relaxed, hand on hip pose which is typical of the genre that I am recreating for my magazine. I am also considering having two female models on the front of my magazine as 'Top of the Pops' covers tend to have more than one model on the front along with other photographs around the main image of other stars inside the magazine.

Font/Colours: Font styles are really important within my genre for the audience as it needs to be quite fun and jazzy as it needs to stand out and attract the readers attention, this is typical conventions of a pop magazine as it seems quite different from other magazines as it has a much younger audience than the typical music magazine reader. I will typically use bright and eye catching colours such as pinks and purples and blues as these are typical of the target audience as they are quite girly and young colours appealing to the audience directly.


Contents Page


Images: For my contents page I am going to use my actual magazine cover as a photograph labelling the text on the front page and giving the audience the page number that they are each placed on so that they can find exactly what they want to read about straight away. I am also using an image of one of the models included within the magazine to represent what else is inside the magazine for them to read about.

Layout: The page is going to be laid out by using rectangle columns to present each article simply with it's page number, along with highlighting or underlining specific articles that are the most interesting and the most important that the reader might be interested in. I will place the slogan at the top of the page followed by the photograph of the magazine cover just underneath it, with the columns surrounding it and the model photograph in the bottom left hand corner.

Fonts: Once again it's going to be quite similar to the fonts I used within the front cover of the magazine, but I will use the website dafont.com to find a suitable font for the page that fit in within my genre and will attract my younger audience.


Double Page Spread

Images: Typically for my interview double page spread I am going to use the same model that is included within the front cover, but in different poses and with other members of her band as the front cover model is going to be a part of a girl band and then will be brought together with her band mates inside the magazine on my double page spread. Either this or I shall include the band on the whole front cover of the magazine. But the sample magazine I am using as my guide throughout the process of making my magazine shows a close up of the model which I shall stick to along with inside have close up and long shots of the model or models. The images are going to be taken inside a studio with a white background.

Layout: My layout is going to be quite simplistic inside the magazine as my sample magazine has a clear white background with the model posing infront of the white background, which is what I am going to follow with my double page spread. Also the text shall be surrounding the photographs with a quote from the interview giving the double page a title to give the reader and insight to what the interview is about.

Fonts: With my double page I am going to use much calmer colours and a simple black colour to type up the interview and some of the text with the main title being a completely other colour to attract attention to the interview. The font style may be more simplistic than the front cover and contents page even though I would like to bring in some fun and bubbly fonts to continue the theme throughout the magazine, showing signs of consistency.

Pop Genre Indetail Research.

Pop music has always been orientated towards a youthful market and can also be determined of being a popular piece of music, which is how the genre Pop was brought along. Over the years Pop music has been influence by other genres such as rock and roll and becoming usually a softer version of rock.

Pop music has been mainly dominated by America and British music industries and has made pop music into what is called as an 'internation monoculture' but most regions and countries have their own form of pop music. It can also be associated with the current download charts as the songs that make it into the charts are 'popular' music as they are most popular with their audiences as more and more people are buying and downloading their music bringing them straight into the charts.

Pop has also become known as 'Pop Rock' which mixes pop style lyrics with guitar based songs, even though rock and pop have regularly been known as opposites. Bands and singers from the 20th century that represent this genre are Michael Jackson, Olivia Newton-John, Madonna and Cher. As pop rock came into the 21st century more bands and singers started to come into the genre including McFly, Pink, The Saturdays, Kelly Clarkson and Cheryl Cole.

Conclusions

This soon brings Pop Rock into a completely new genre of it's own. This research ultimately helps me choose how I want to represent my models throughout my magazine and how they need to be dressed and posed to show that they fit into this genre of music as Pop is one of the most popular forms of genres within music followed by R'n'B and hip hop. This helps give me some ideas of how I layout my magazine and colours to use throughout along with what sort of image I am aiming for throughout my magazine and how the models should be seen by the readers.

Test shoot with a plan.

Basically for my test shoot I was considering what poses, shots and angles I would use for the front cover and double page spread and even for my contents page. I used two models for my test shoot, Georgia and Tara, I then got them to pose in fun poses as this suits my genre for my magazine and I wanted to practise with different shoots and poses and see what I came out with. I used different shots such as mid shots and long shots to show a difference is ways I can use the models on the front page of my magazine. I also used the sports mode to take photographs in quick frames to catch when the models are jumping in the air to catch them in mid air and get the best shot available.

My test shoot helped me analysis exactly how to shoot my final photo and what sort of poses and shots I would need for my photoshoot and what ones would work best within my magazine genre. I used a white background to help with getting rid of the background for a practise front cover. I have shown some of the test shoots on this blog and some of the shots and poses I would like to use throughout my final magazine cover

I used some two people shots as I felt that this would be best to use for my front cover as I am trying to create my magazine cover similar to a top of the pops magazine cover using two people on the cover. I used casual clothing for this shot as it was only originally a test shoot to try out the camera and different angles.

This contact sheet shows exactly the photographs I used for my preminlary task at the top and then followed by the test shoot photographs, showing exactly all the photographs that I took using my camera even the ones that weren't set up or posed. This shows the variety of photographs that I have taken for my test shoot and the sort of poses that I would expect inside and on the front cover of my magazine.

Preliminary Task :)

For our preliminary task I had to create a school magazine aimed at students of the school John Cabot, I used photoshop to create it and went out and went out and took my own photographs of a John Cabot student to appear on the front cover of my magazine. I also used the website dafont.com to create fonts for my cover and had them appear as my magazine name "Academy Press". I also added a barcode I found from Google images to the front of my magazine to make it seem more realistic along with the date and issue number. I went with the typical John Cabot colour theme as the cover image is wear the uniform clearly showing the school logo so I used the banner for "first edition" in a similar colour to carry on with the theme. Along with this I used the magic wand tool to get rid of the white background maintaining behind the writing I had created in dafont.com to make it look more realistic and part of the magazine.

Drafts for my magazine!

After doing all my research on magazines I finally came up with a name for the magazine called 'Boast' which later has the tagline 'Alot to Boast about' and therefore I drew up a draft of my front page, contents page and double page spread, but it's only a really tough copy as they are all basic drawings and are the outlines to where images and text will be placed within the pages. Even though I have drawn drafts for my magazine I don't expect to stick to them completely as I may change throughout the way of this course and my ideas might become better and help make the magazine more realistic like it has come straight off a shelf in the magazine section. Below and above you can see all my drafts I have drawn. These drawings show rough sketches of how I would like to layout my magazine and the poses that I want my main celebrity to being stood in, along with where pictures will be laid out on the front, contents and double page spread page. This helps me to follow a draft whilst making my music magazine so that I am not making up as I go along, so this helps me concentrate exactly what how I am going to layout my magazine and I can improve it and give some changes to it as I go along.

Questionnaire on music magazines

I wrote out a questionnaire to find out about people's views on music magazines and what ones they buy along with their favourite type of music and artists. This helped me to know exactly what my target audience for my magazine would like to see on the front cover or inside the magazine to give me a more realistic view on my magazine and make sure it would fit in with the typical genre that it is presenting. It also gave me an insight into what the audience would pay for a magazine and how much would be too much to price it and if the magazine should come with a free gift or not. All the questions helped with creating the magazine and bring new ideas to the board to help bring the final product together.

In the questionnaire we can see that the 20 people I questioned that the magazine NME was most popular following with Top of the Pops and Kerrang. This shows that the audience I questioned mostly enjoyed rock and indie genres as that is what NME is aimed at directly. I also asked what their favourite genre was and Pop came out on top followed closely by Indie music which tends to show the relationship with the first question. I used the result of Pop in the questionnaire as to make the decision to aim my magazine on the pop genre as it is most popular with the target audience I want to aim it at. Pricing was another issue that needed to be researched within my target audience and I found the best price for a magazine was between £2.00 and £2.99, so I decided £2.50 would be perfect for my magazine as it is directly inbetween the prices that were most popular in my questionnaire.

Another choice I had to make about my magazine was whether it would be produced weekly or monthly or even yearly and when I used this question in the questionnaire I found that monthly and weekly were both equally popular, so I finally chose to produce my magazine weekly as it then can keep it's audience up to date with the latest news and gossip. I then decided to have a broad answered question giving the audience a choice of bands and singers for the audience to choose from to show what bands they directly like and what type of music they enjoy. My final question involved finding out how passionate the audience are about gigs and festivals letting me know if the magazine should involve the latest information about gigs and festivals.

Double Page Analysis!

For my double page analysis I looked at Top of the Pops, NME and Q, I analysed them each in turn and commented on how each were layed out specifically for their target audiences and how they represented to draw in new audience or their typical readers. I decided to study all aspects of the double pages, seeing what images they used throughout and what sort of poses they were holding to represent the image of the magazine. The layout is highly important within the double page spread as it is representing the whole magazine and ultimately telling the audience about the star or celebrity that is being interviewed. 


I analyzed the colour scheme used throughout the double pages as this can also be really important when representing the magazine and making it seem realistic and more like a real magazine for when I come down to recreating it. I used different magazines to show contrast of genres between each of the to show how differently they are laid out and presented to their audience. As with the more mature target audience magazines we see bold and simple colours such as black and red, along with block fonts in bigger font. Then with the more younger magazines we notice that the magazine tends to be more fun and brightly coloured, and has a more laid back view so that it's audience can feel relaxed when reading it and can enjoy it. 
Double Page Analysis

Contents Page Analysis

After I had researched front cover of music magazines, I looked at Q, Top of the Pops and NME's content pages and analysised them to see exactly what makes up a contents page, so that when it comes to making my own contents page for my own music magazine it will help me create new ideas and make it look similar to other music magazines to make it look realise it and therefore it will have the basic conventions of a music magazine contents page.


Some conventions of the contents pages that I researched throughout this powerpoint is linking photographs with pages within the magazine, showing the reader exactly where to go to find the article they want to read about. Contents pages also include the name of the magazine itself at the top with a slogan or subtitle underneath it. We can also see from the contents pages that I have studied it lays out clearly in boxes the pages and details of what is within the magazine letting the audience known exactly what is within the magazine without having to look through the whole magazine for exactly what they want. 
Contents Page

Front Cover Analysis!

 Basically I have researched four different magazine covers from Blender, Spin, Top of the Pops and Q magazines, and have analysised them each separately on the presentation below. I analysised each magazine on their target audiences, layout, colours and fonts, images, direct address, sell lines and skylines. Analyzing each of these different magazine front covers gives a bigger insight into the conventions of music magazines so that I can use the specific conventions they use onto my own magazine to help make it more realistic and similar to the magazine that I am basing my own upon.


We can see on the front covers that they include a cover star, which uses direct address with the audience which is a huge convention that I should use within my magazine cover, as this immediately makes the cover star connect with the audience straight away and draw them in to buy it. The magazine I want to aim towards is similar to Top of the Pops magazine so therefore I need to include more than one image on my front cover as the target audience is much younger than the other music magazine I have studied and researched so therefore needs to attract the attention of a different audience, so therefore needs to have more detail and colours along with images to make them stop and look at it. 
Analyzing_magazines

Researching music magazines :)

To start off my research I looked through search engine Google for music magazine's to take inspiration for my own ideas and to find the certain conventions of a typical music magazine, to make my seem realistic to it's target audience. I looked at a range of magazines such as Q, NME, Top of the Pops, Spin and Blender, which each discuss and represent different genres of music for different target audiences. Each magazine immediately shows a main image of the front of the page representing the music that it goes onto discuss later inside the magazine, this gives the reader an instant insight into the magazine and what is inside, drawing them into buying it almost straight away.

Looking at magazine examples to start off with really helps give me an impression of what my magazine product really needs to look like and include. Each magazine front cover stands out from the others in their own unique way, either by the logo such as Q which you can see on the left immediately captures your eye because of the bright red background and white capital 'Q'. This magazine is also linked with a music channel which makes the magazine more well known than many other magazines as it owns a channel which people can immediately associate with.

Starting off!

Basically my brief for this is to create a magazine front cover, contents page and double page spread for a music magazine. It has to have all my own images within it and must be completed by the 4th of March. Also to add to this in my first lesson I have created a timeline of when I am going to complete each bit of work for my production and to what time it must be completed by as this will keep me more organized and not all over the place when it comes to the end of the deadline. As shown above this intro you can see my timetable clearly and when each piece of my production will be completed. I used Tom's planner to create this Gantt timeline so that I can keep track of all my tasks that I need to complete to make sure my production goes ahead without going over the deadline.